Napoleon, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e0m m\u01b0a l\u00e0m gi\u00f3 \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1821. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00ed m\u1eadt trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Sau kh\u00ed Napoleon ch\u1ebft 150 n\u0103m, m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n tin \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho c\u1ea3 gi\u1edbi khoa h\u1ecdc: c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u1edbi t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a Napoleon v\u00e0 suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng Napoleon \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t nh\u00fam t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a Napoleon \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t v\u1ec7 s\u0129 trung th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng \u00e2m th\u1ea7m b\u1ea3o t\u1ed3n l\u1ea1i. 150 n\u0103m sau c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n ra nh\u00fam t\u00f3c \u0111\u00f3 v\u00e0 \u0111em \u0111i x\u00e9t nghi\u1ec7m. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf trong t\u00f3c Napoleon c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a asen r\u1ea5t cao. M\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng r\u1ea5t n\u1ed5i b\u1eadt c\u00e0ng g\u1ea7n th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1ebft h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng asen trong t\u00f3c c\u00e0ng cao. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng Napoleon \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c b\u1eb1ng th\u1ea1ch t\u00edn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tuy s\u1ee3i t\u00f3c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng k\u00ednh ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 0,05 \u2013 0,125 mm, nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ee9a h\u01a1n 20 lo\u1ea1i axit amin c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh pr\u00f4tein c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3, ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ed3ng, s\u1eaft, k\u1ebdm, ch\u00ec, cadimi, niken, molipden, coban, mangan, ph\u00f4tpho, l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, v.v.. h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang trong t\u00f3c cao h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong m\u00e1u. C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong t\u00f3c c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5. Th\u00f4ng qua s\u1ef1 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n t\u00f3c c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin s\u1edbm v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u1ec7nh n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. V\u00ed d\u1ee5, tr\u1ebb em b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh ti\u1ec3u \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cr\u00f4m trong t\u00f3c th\u1ea5p; t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh th\u1ea7n kinh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cadimi v\u00e0 mangan so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 s\u1eaft l\u1ea1i r\u1ea5t cao. T\u00f3c c\u1ee7a ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0nh h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng canxi so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng \u00edt h\u01a1n 2\/3. K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u n\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf: h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ec trong t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n c\u01b0 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 cao h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n n\u00f4ng th\u00f4n. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng \u1edf n\u01a1i giao th\u00f4ng nh\u1ed9n nh\u1ecbp v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00ec, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ec trong t\u00f3c c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t cao. D\u00e2n c\u01b0 s\u1ed1ng quanh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y luy\u1ec7n kim ho\u1eb7c \u1edf v\u00f9ng c\u00f3 tr\u1eef l\u01b0\u1ee3ng asen thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean phong ph\u00fa th\u00ec h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng asen trong t\u00f3c c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd cao h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi mi\u1ec1n bi\u1ec3n v\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0103n c\u00e1 t\u00f4m n\u00ean h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ee7y ng\u00e2n trong t\u00f3c cao g\u1ea5p m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ecba. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Trung Qu\u1ed1c qua \u0111i\u1ec1u tra b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9t t\u1eed (m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t b\u1ec7nh c\u00f3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng) ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u00e1c vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 selen v\u00e0 molip \u0111en, c\u00f2n nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u1ecb b\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed9t t\u1eed trong t\u00f3c h\u1ecd h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng hai nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trong t\u00f3c ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u00ec t\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng m\u1ecdc, cho n\u00ean h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1edf c\u00e1c giai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u00f3c m\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c nhau c\u0169ng r\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nhau. Do \u0111\u00f3 t\u00f3c kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap ta ph\u00e1n \u0111o\u00e1n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m hay kh\u00f4ng v\u00e0 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o m\u00e0 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 m\u00e1ch b\u1ea3o v\u1edbi ch\u00fang ta \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u00e1t sinh t\u1eeb khi n\u00e0o. Nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c y t\u1ebf m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ecdi m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u201ct\u00f3c l\u00e0 b\u0103ng ghi h\u00ecnh\u201d v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e1c kim lo\u1ea1i n\u1eb7ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f3c c\u1ee7a Napoleon c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a asen, nh\u01b0ng gi\u1edbi y h\u1ecdc kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn Napoleon \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ebft v\u00ec b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c. Th\u1ea1ch t\u00edn l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9c r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean c\u00e1i ch\u1ebft r\u1ea5t nhanh. Trong th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i t\u1eeb khi b\u1ecb tr\u00fang \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ebfn khi ch\u1ebft, asen kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t \u0111o\u1ea1n kh\u00e1 d\u00e0i c\u1ee7a t\u00f3c. Do \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 suy \u0111o\u00e1n r\u1eb1ng Napoleon r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ebft \u1edf \u0111\u1ecba ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c asen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf n\u0103m 1815 sau khi Napoleon chi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1i \u1edf Oatecl\u00f4 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb giam l\u1ecfng ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ea3o, 6 n\u0103m sau m\u1edbi ch\u1ebft. Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea3o v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc u\u1ed1ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u asen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng; Asen- Th\u1ea1ch t\u00edn; Gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Napoleon, nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt l\u00e0m m\u01b0a l\u00e0m gi\u00f3 \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XIX \u0111\u00e3 m\u1ea5t n\u0103m 1821. C\u00e1i ch\u1ebft c\u1ee7a \u00f4ng v\u00ec c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u l\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed3n \u0111\u1ea1i n\u00ean \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t b\u00ed m\u1eadt trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed. Sau kh\u00ed Napoleon ch\u1ebft 150 n\u0103m, m\u1ed9t ngu\u1ed3n tin \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y s\u1ef1 ch\u00fa \u00fd m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd cho c\u1ea3 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9400","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-moi-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9400","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9400"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9400\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9400"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9400"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9400"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}