{"id":9404,"date":"2021-11-21T16:37:51","date_gmt":"2021-11-21T09:37:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=9404"},"modified":"2021-11-21T17:16:53","modified_gmt":"2021-11-21T10:16:53","slug":"vi-sao-phai-canh-bao-nguy-co-nuoc-ngot-co-tinh-toan-cau","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/vi-sao-phai-canh-bao-nguy-co-nuoc-ngot-co-tinh-toan-cau\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nguy c\u01a1 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Theo \u0111i\u1ec1u tra n\u0103m 1995 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c N\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, hi\u1ec7n nay l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt h\u00e0ng n\u0103m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 4.130 t\u1ec9 m3. V\u00ec d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng nhanh, cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX n\u00e0y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 24%. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch t\u1eeb 3.000 m3 \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 80 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 2.280 m3 \u1edf n\u0103m 2000. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1980 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2000, ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u01b0\u1edfng \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00c2u t\u1eeb 4.400 m3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 4.100 m3; \u1edf Ch\u00e2u \u00e1 t\u1eeb 5.100 m3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 3.300 m3; \u1edf Ch\u00e2u Phi t\u1eeb 9.400 m3 gi\u1ea3m xu\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n 5.100 m3; nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng \u1edf Trung \u0110\u00f4ng l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng sa m\u1ea1c, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a \u00edt, t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh s\u1ef1 s\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00e0y. Ch\u00e2u Phi l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng v\u1ed1n \u0111\u00e3 thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc, theo ti\u1ebfn s\u0129 M\u00e2ygi\u01a1 c\u1ed1 v\u1ea5n Ng\u00e2n h\u00e0ng Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7n Colin, \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Niut\u01a1n vi\u1ebft trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cS\u1ef1 an to\u00e0n cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng\u201d th\u00ec trong v\u00f2ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y 10 n\u0103m n\u1eefa, d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi d\u00e2n \u1edf Ai C\u1eadp, Nigi\u00earia, K\u00eania l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m 30%, 40% v\u00e0 50%.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00ed h\u1ecdc th\u1ee7y v\u0103n \u0111\u1ec1 ra ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n: n\u1ebfu b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ea7y 1.000 m3 th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3 thu\u1ed9c qu\u1ed1c gia thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc. Hi\u1ec7n nay tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 h\u01a1n 2 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t v\u1edbi nguy c\u01a1 thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 300 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang ph\u1ea3i s\u1ed1ng trong t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng lu\u00f4n thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u00e1ng 5\/1996 \u1edf New York \u0111\u00e3 tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u1ee7y ban t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean kh\u00f3a 3, c\u0103n c\u1ee9 ngu\u1ed3n n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc chia b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u1ed5ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kinh t\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c d\u00e2n chia b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc cho b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n t\u00edch t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi 153 n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 d\u00e2n chi\u1ebfm 98,83% t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, chia th\u00e0nh 4 lo\u1ea1i: lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc phong ph\u00fa, g\u1ed3m h\u01a1n 100 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 nh\u00e2n kh\u1ea9u 1,93 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfm 34,19% t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc k\u00e9m, g\u1ed3m 17 qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 1,90 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfm 33,74% d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng, g\u1ed3m 17 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 1,45 t\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi chi\u1ebfm 25,65% t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc thi\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc, g\u1ed3m 19 qu\u1ed1c gia v\u1edbi d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 362,8 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi, chi\u1ebfm 6,14% t\u1ed5ng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Theo c\u00e1ch ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i tr\u00ean, Trung Qu\u1ed1c thu\u1ed9c lo\u1ea1i qu\u1ed1c gia th\u1ee9 hai, v\u1ecb tr\u00ed trong kho\u1ea3ng t\u1eeb 100 \u2013 117 n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u00ec sao ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0a ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nguy c\u01a1 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u? Ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 ba nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt d\u00f9ng cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chi\u1ebfm 70% v\u00e0 22% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau th\u1ee5 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa nhu c\u1ea7u v\u1eabn \u0111ang t\u0103ng l\u00ean. S\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng nhanh d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u0169ng khi\u1ebfn cho l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t t\u0103ng nhanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ch\u1ec9 chi\u1ebfm 12% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc cung c\u1ea5p. C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00eau hao ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1900 \u0111\u1ebfn 1975, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 cung c\u1ea5p n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n h\u00e0ng n\u0103m t\u0103ng t\u1eeb 3% &#8211; 5% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh c\u1ee9 20 n\u0103m th\u00ec t\u0103ng g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i. T\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb c\u0169ng t\u0103ng l\u00ean r\u1ea5t nhanh, n\u0103m 1950 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 22,7% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, n\u0103m 1985 chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u1ebfn 34,6%, \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2000 t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c 6.000 t\u1ec9 m3, chi\u1ebfm 15% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc tr\u00ean Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t. Trong 40 n\u0103m g\u1ea7n \u0111\u00e2y, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 40 l\u1ea7n, c\u00f2n n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng cho n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ec9 t\u0103ng l\u00ean 2 l\u1ea7n. \u1ede nh\u1eefng n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p chi\u1ebfm 40%, trong \u0111\u00f3 2\/3 l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng cho c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh luy\u1ec7n kim, d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf, h\u00f3a ch\u1ea5t, gi\u1ea5y v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m. So v\u1edbi c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc d\u00f9ng cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t \u00edt, b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi kho\u1ea3ng 20 \u2013 40 m3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh c\u00e1o nguy c\u01a1 thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00e0ng n\u0103m \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c h\u01a1n 500 t\u1ec9 m3, n\u0103m 2000 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee9c 3.000 t\u1ec9 m3. M\u1ed9t n\u1eeda ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u1ee9 ba c\u1ee7a l\u1eddi c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nguy c\u01a1 thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u l\u00e0 n\u1ea1n ch\u1eb7t ph\u00e1 r\u1eebng g\u00e2y n\u00ean l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u01b0a \u00edt, n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ed5 sung. To\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi h\u00e0ng n\u0103m khai th\u00e1c kho\u1ea3ng 550 t\u1ec9 m3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m, r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f9ng t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng khai th\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc; N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Theo \u0111i\u1ec1u tra n\u0103m 1995 c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c N\u00f4ng l\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ef1c Li\u00ean h\u1ee3p qu\u1ed1c, hi\u1ec7n nay l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ecdt h\u00e0ng n\u0103m th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u00f9ng l\u00e0 4.130 t\u1ec9 m3. V\u00ec d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng nhanh, cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX n\u00e0y l\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ea1ch b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n cung c\u1ea5p cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1ebd gi\u1ea3m \u0111i 24%. H\u00e0ng n\u0103m m\u1ed7i [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-moi-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9404","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9404"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9404\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9404"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9404"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9404"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}