B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00ec trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n nay n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc cung c\u1ea5p quan tr\u1ecdng cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1edf hai \u0111i\u1ec3m: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m ch\u1ea3y \u00e2m th\u1ea7m, kh\u00f4ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a m\u01b0a. Nh\u01b0ng v\u00ec ch\u1ecbu s\u1ef1 h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t xung quanh, n\u00ean l\u01b0u l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf, t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 ch\u1ea3y ch\u1eadm v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea5p. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta n\u00f3i “N\u01b0\u1edbc ch\u1ea3y th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng th\u1ed1i”. \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m khi\u1ebfn cho kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n v\u00e0 l\u00e0m lo\u00e3ng c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m y\u1ebfu, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i cho vi\u1ec7c ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. V\u00ec v\u1eady kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t l\u00e0 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh y\u1ebfu. Th\u1ee9 hai v\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m \u1edf trong l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t, kh\u00f4ng ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u00e1nh n\u1eafng n\u00ean qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch kh\u00ed v\u00e0 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00f3 x\u1ea3y ra. V\u00ec v\u1eady m\u1ed9t khi n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ph\u1ea3i qua m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i tinh khi\u1ebft ban \u0111\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a kinh t\u1ebf, d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 t\u0103ng nhanh v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb ho\u00e1, t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m sau khi b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i s\u1ebd g\u00e2y n\u00ean s\u1ef1 nguy h\u1ea1i cho s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 uy hi\u1ebfp nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u0103m 1943, m\u1ed9t binh \u0111o\u00e0n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 d\u00f9ng n\u00fai Luaji \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n nhu. T\u00e1m n\u0103m sau, ch\u1ed7 \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i cho m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng ty d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf thu\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c s\u00e1t tr\u00f9ng. Sau \u0111\u00f3 gia s\u00fac \u1edf n\u00f4ng trang c\u00e1ch nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y m\u1ea5y kil\u00f4met b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ea9n \u0111o\u00e1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hoa m\u00e0u ch\u1ebft t\u1eebng v\u00f9ng l\u1edbn, c\u00e2y r\u1eebng d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n kh\u00f4 h\u00e9o, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed d\u00e2n c\u01b0 c\u0169ng m\u1eafc m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i b\u1ec7nh r\u1ea5t l\u1ea1. Qua \u0111i\u1ec1u tra ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi cho n\u00f4ng trang n\u00e0y ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a clo, c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i clorua, mu\u1ed1i sunfat, c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a flo, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n c\u00f3 asen c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e2y th\u1ea3i ra. R\u00f5 r\u00e0ng ch\u1ea5t th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i sau khi th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea5t, qua th\u1eddi gian 7 – 8 n\u0103m sau \u0111\u00e3 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea1m vi r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta kinh ng\u1ea1c l\u00e0 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m c\u00f2n ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed1c di\u1ec7t c\u1ecf r\u1ea5t m\u1ea1nh, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t 2,4 – D. Ch\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 l\u00e0m ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t hoa m\u00e0u. Song trong d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y ho\u00e1 ch\u1ea5t qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i ch\u01b0a h\u1ec1 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ch\u1ea5t 2,4 – D. V\u1eady th\u00ec n\u00f3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00e2u \u0111\u1ebfn? Nguy\u00ean do l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 \u00e1nh n\u1eafng M\u1eb7t Tr\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u1ee3p th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00f3. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i d\u00f9 ban \u0111\u1ea7u kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng do k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng m\u00e0 s\u1ea3n sinh ra m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m, \u0111\u1ec1u uy hi\u1ebfp r\u1ea5t l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m. N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m l\u00e0 do c\u00e1c b\u00e3i x\u1eed l\u00ed ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i, h\u1ed1 ph\u00e2n, \u1ed1ng d\u1eabn n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 x\u0103ng ng\u1ea7m, c\u00e1c d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc trong n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 l\u1eabn thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb s\u00e2u v\u00e0 t\u00e0n d\u01b0 ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng cao t\u1ed1c (nh\u01b0 d\u00f9ng mu\u1ed1i \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m tan tuy\u1ebft), c\u00e1c m\u1ecf ng\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c m\u1ecf l\u1ed9 thi\u00ean, n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u00e2y ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mu\u1ed1i nitrat trong ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ngu\u1ed3n \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m. Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1 h\u1ecdc \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f3 t\u00ednh to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. \u1ede M\u0129, qua \u0111i\u1ec1u tra h\u01a1n 10 v\u1ea1n gi\u1ebfng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n th\u1ea5y: 6% n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ebfng h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i nitric, nitrat v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nit\u01a1 \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i amoni v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 20%. N\u0103m 1986, C\u1ee5c B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a M\u0129 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1: trong s\u1ed1 79,6 v\u1ea1n b\u1ed3n ch\u1ee9a d\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng th\u00e9p \u1edf d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t c\u00f3 1\/3 s\u1ed1 b\u1ed3n v\u00ec c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ee9t v\u00e0 hoen r\u1ec9 n\u00ean r\u00f2 d\u1ea7u, trong s\u1ed1 2000 ch\u1ea5t ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i nguy hi\u1ec3m c\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thanh l\u00ed \u1edf b\u00e3i ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i c\u00f3 h\u01a1n m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda \u0111ang th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u xu\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ea5t. H\u01a1n 3 tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n c\u01b0 \u1edf \u0111\u1ea3o Manhattan c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 New York s\u1ed1ng ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu b\u1eb1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m. Nh\u01b0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng c\u1ee7a b\u1edfi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00e1c b\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ecb \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng b\u1edfi n\u01b0\u1edbc ph\u1ebf th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh t\u1ed3n c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang ta, v\u00ec trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng hi\u1ec7n nay n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc cung c\u1ea5p quan tr\u1ecdng cho cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, cho c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. N\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t \u1edf hai \u0111i\u1ec3m: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc ng\u1ea7m […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9420","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-moi-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9420","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9420"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9420\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9420"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9420"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9420"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}