N\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y nay. N\u00f3 g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p, nh\u01b0: n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda b\u00e1t, b\u1ed9t gi\u1eb7t qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 trong nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, v.v\u2026 Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea9y s\u1ebd sinh ho\u1ea1t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 t\u1ea9y s\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n th\u00ec ch\u00fang c\u0169ng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng \u00edt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ch\u1ee9a m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i sunfat. V\u00ec trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda, ch\u00fang ch\u1ec9 “k\u00e9o” ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n ra kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee5 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ti\u00eau tr\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n, cho n\u00ean sau khi t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda, c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t b\u1ea9n v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda s\u1ebd th\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng ch\u1ea3y ra c\u00e1c s\u00f4ng, h\u1ed3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u00e0y ch\u1ea3y theo n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u1eb7p c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i vi khu\u1ea9n kh\u00e1c nhau. C\u00f3 lo\u00e0i vi khu\u1ea9n “h\u00e1o oxi”, trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 oxi ch\u00fang s\u1ebd “\u0103n” r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong c\u00e1u b\u1ea9n, th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ch\u00fang s\u1ebd xo\u00e1 b\u1ecf tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00e1u b\u1ea9n c\u00f3 trong n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t cacbonic v\u00e0 kh\u00ed nit\u01a1, v.v\u2026 Nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda kh\u00f4ng d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb nh\u1eefng vi khu\u1ea9n h\u00e1o oxi n\u00e0y ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i, b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang l\u00e0 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a axit h\u1eefu c\u01a1 th\u01a1m, trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u benzen v\u00f2ng, vi khu\u1ea9n r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 “\u0103n”. Do \u0111\u00f3, khi ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda l\u1eabn v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng, h\u1ed3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u01b0u l\u1ea1i trong m\u1ed9t th\u1eddi gian d\u00e0i. Sau khi ch\u1ea3y theo d\u00f2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc kho\u1ea3ng 200 km, ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 30% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y b\u1ecb c\u00e1c vi khu\u1ea9n ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi trong n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u1eabn ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda, tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ee7i b\u1ecdt, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 do mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a axit c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c cacbua th\u01a1m g\u00e2y n\u00ean. Theo x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh khi n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a axit c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c cacbua th\u01a1m \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn 0,5 mg\/l\u00edt th\u00ec n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n b\u1ecdt. B\u1ecdt nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ebd c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p. Khi th\u1ea3i v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y, ch\u00fang s\u1ebd ti\u00eau hao oxi ho\u00e0 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1 v\u00ec thi\u1ebfu oxi m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. Ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y c\u00f2n g\u00e2y \u0111\u1ed9c cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i thu\u1ef7 sinh, g\u00e2y cho c\u00e1 con b\u1ecb d\u1ecb d\u1ea1ng. Ngo\u00e0i ra mu\u1ed1i sunfat trong ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y sau khi l\u1eabn v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc g\u00e2y n\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc gi\u00e0u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng, ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh th\u00e1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i thu\u1ef7 sinh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi s\u00f4ng, h\u1ed3, ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y c\u00f2n \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. N\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp x\u00fac v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y l\u00e2u d\u00e0i, ni\u00eam m\u1ea1c v\u00e0 da b\u1ecb k\u00edch th\u00edch, g\u00e2y n\u00ean t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng cho c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan c\u1ee7a c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda; Mu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a axit sunfuric c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c cacbua-mu\u1ed1i sunfonic; Sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i; Gi\u00e0u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
N\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea9y r\u1eeda l\u00e0 s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng ng\u00e0y nay. N\u00f3 g\u1ed3m nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p, nh\u01b0: n\u01b0\u1edbc r\u1eeda b\u00e1t, b\u1ed9t gi\u1eb7t qu\u1ea7n \u00e1o, n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea9y c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u m\u1ee1 trong nh\u00e0 b\u1ebfp, v.v\u2026 Vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea9y s\u1ebd sinh ho\u1ea1t thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u, nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi v\u1edbi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9428","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-moi-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9428","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9428"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9428\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9428"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9428"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9428"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}