N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 bao g\u1ed3m: n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i sinh ho\u1ea1t, n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u00ean tu\u1ef3 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi c\u0103n c\u1ee9 h\u01b0\u1edbng l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i v\u00e0 h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u1ea3i \u0111i m\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00ed th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i sau khi x\u1eed l\u00ed cho d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u1ea1i trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ho\u1eb7c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3i ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n v\u00e0 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng do Nh\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc quy \u0111\u1ecbnh. \u1ede nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c thi\u1ebfu n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00ean d\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed3n n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
X\u1eed l\u00ed n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng chia l\u00e0m 3 c\u1ea5p. C\u1ea5p x\u1eed l\u00ed th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1eadt l\u00ed, t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m l\u01b0\u1edbi, b\u1ec3 l\u1eafng, b\u1ec3 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 tr\u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i k\u00ed sinh tr\u00f9ng. C\u1ea5p x\u1eed l\u00ed th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p vi sinh, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng qua t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea5p thu \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a vi sinh v\u1eadt \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t, l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c oxi ho\u00e1, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n. Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00ed vi sinh \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9, l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cung c\u1ea5p oxi v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 pH theo m\u1ed9t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. C\u1ea5p x\u1eed l\u00ed th\u1ee9 ba l\u00e0 d\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00ed ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u1eb7c k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p nhi\u1ec1u ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p nh\u01b0: sinh ho\u00e1, ki\u1ec1m ho\u00e1, th\u1ed5i ho\u1eb7c trao \u0111\u1ed5i ion nh\u1eb1m kh\u1eed b\u1ecf nit\u01a1, d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ho\u00e1 tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed b\u1ecf ph\u00f4tpho, d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p oxi ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed b\u1ecf m\u00f9i th\u1ed1i, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p than ho\u1ea1t t\u00ednh ho\u1eb7c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p l\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed b\u1ecf nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00f3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i, d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p th\u1ea9m th\u1ea5u \u0111\u1ec3 kh\u1eed b\u1ecf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1i, d\u00f9ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p clo ho\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea9y \u0111\u1ed9c, v.v\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vi\u00eac x\u1eed l\u00ed \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb \u1edf nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb kh\u00e1 l\u00e2u. N\u00f3i chung ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta d\u00f9ng x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u1ea5p m\u1ed9t l\u00e0m ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u1eed l\u00ed ban \u0111\u1ea7u, x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u1ea5p hai l\u00e0m ch\u00ednh, c\u00f2n x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u1ea5p ba r\u1ea5t \u00edt khi d\u00f9ng. Nh\u1eefng qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u1ed1 g\u1eafng ph\u1ed5 c\u1eadp b\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u1ea5p hai, quy m\u00f4 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y x\u1eed l\u00ed ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn. H\u1ecd \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ho\u00e1 c\u00e1c thao t\u00e1c theo quy tr\u00ecnh c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: N\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m \u0111\u00f4 th\u1ecb; C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00ed n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
N\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1 bao g\u1ed3m: n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i sinh ho\u1ea1t, n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i b\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t, ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00ed. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y n\u00ean tu\u1ef3 t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 m\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c cho ph\u00f9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9436","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-moi-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9436","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9436"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9436\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9436"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9436"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9436"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}