Th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1957 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n \u1ea3 R\u1eadp, m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 (c\u0169) \u0111ang \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean rung chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt l\u1edbn g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1y l\u00ean ph\u00eda m\u0169i t\u00e0u xem x\u00e9t. \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho anh ta ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n v\u1ed1n m\u00e0u xanh bi\u1ebfn th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf n\u00e2u, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u v\u1eadt lo\u00e1 l\u00ean m\u00e0u \u00e1nh b\u1ea1c. Kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb khi n\u00e0o con t\u00e0u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o trong m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00e1m c\u00e1 ch\u1ebft d\u00e0y \u0111\u1eb7c. V\u00ec sao nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf? Nguy\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y \u0111\u00e3 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh “tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecf” \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 ! “Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecf” \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng, nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu ph\u00e1t sinh ra “tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecf” l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m. M\u1ecdi ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1u bi\u1ebft, khi c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eabn v\u00e0o n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, g\u00e2y t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u00e0 gi\u1ebft h\u1ea1i c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9ng, th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt s\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi bi\u1ec3n. Nh\u01b0ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed5 ra bi\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c ra kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i m\u00e0 trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng nh\u01b0 nit\u01a1, ph\u00f4tpho, cacbon, v.v\u2026 r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho s\u1ef1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt. N\u1ebfu nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1i dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng n\u00e0y qu\u00e1 gi\u00e0u s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0a l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u phi\u1ec1n ph\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi g\u1eb7p m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u01b0 m\u01b0a l\u1edbn khi\u1ebfn cho \u0111\u1ed9 m\u1eb7n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 gi\u00f3 th\u1ed5i, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn n\u01b0\u1edbc \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc sinh ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed5 v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3n th\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t mu\u1ed1i dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n nh\u01b0 ph\u00f4tpho, nit\u01a1, v.v\u2026 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 vi l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u01b0 s\u1eaft, m\u0103ngan v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u0103ng l\u00ean nhanh ch\u00f3ng, l\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n gi\u00e0u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i t\u1ea3o v\u00e0 c\u00e1c tr\u00f9ng l\u00f4ng mao ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh ch\u00f3ng. M\u1ed9t t\u1ebf b\u00e0o tr\u00f9ng l\u00f4ng mao sau 25 l\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n chia s\u1ebd s\u1ea3n sinh ra kho\u1ea3ng 33 tri\u1ec7u con tr\u00f9ng kh\u00e1c. Trong m\u1ed9t gi\u1ecdt n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nu\u00f4i 6.000 con. C\u1ee9 nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf, c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt “tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecf” s\u1ebd sinh s\u00f4i b\u1ed9t ph\u00e1t. Sau khi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn sinh v\u1eadt “tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecf” ch\u1ebft \u0111i s\u1ebd nhu\u1ed9m \u0111\u1ecf c\u1ea3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi x\u1ea3y ra “tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecf” c\u00e1 th\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1ebft h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00ec sau khi c\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt ph\u00f9 du ch\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n gi\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ti\u00eau hao r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u oxi ho\u00e0 tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n. Khi oxi gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1, t\u00f4m, \u1ed1c ch\u1ebft ng\u1ea1t. Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a “tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecf” nh\u01b0 tr\u00f9ng l\u00f4ng mao s\u1ebd ph\u00f3ng ra nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m cho c\u00e1 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u00e0i sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng b\u1ecb ch\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ef1c nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf: c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a tr\u00f9ng l\u00f4ng mao xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n trong “tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecf” r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 cua v\u00e0 \u1ed1c. Khi con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e3 t\u00edch t\u1ee5 nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 b\u1ecb ng\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed9c. \u0110i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng sinh v\u1eadt b\u1ecb “tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecf” \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ch\u1ee9a nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng lo\u00e0i \u0111\u1ed9c t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c h\u01a1n 80 l\u1ea7n so v\u1edbi n\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ed9c r\u1eafn \u0111eo k\u00ednh. Con ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n nh\u1ea7m ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m h\u1ea3i s\u1ea3n \u0111\u00f3, nh\u1eb9 th\u00ec n\u00f4n o\u1eb9, \u0111au b\u1ee5ng n\u1eb7ng th\u00ec s\u1ebd t\u1eed vong.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c sinh v\u1eadt c\u1ee7a “tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecf” sau khi ti\u00eau hao h\u1ebft oxi tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n, bi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd m\u1ea5t \u0111i kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u1ef1 l\u00e0m s\u1ea1ch c\u1ee5c b\u1ed9. L\u00fac \u0111\u00f3 n\u1ebfu ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c th\u1ea3i c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m ra bi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cho khu v\u1ef1c bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3 \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m c\u00e0ng n\u1eb7ng h\u01a1n. C\u1ee9 th\u1ebf tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n t\u0103ng l\u00ean cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean sinh v\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n. V\u00ec v\u1eady c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y “tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecf” c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ki\u1ec3u \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: “Tri\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ecf”; \u00d4 nhi\u1ec5n bi\u1ec3n; Gi\u00e0u dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Th\u00e1ng 6 n\u0103m 1957 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n \u1ea3 R\u1eadp, m\u1ed9t t\u00e0u ch\u1edf h\u00e0ng c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 (c\u0169) \u0111ang \u0111i v\u1ec1 ph\u00eda tr\u01b0\u1edbc, \u0111\u1ed9t nhi\u00ean rung chuy\u1ec3n gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 t\u00e0u \u0111\u1ee5ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt l\u1edbn g\u00ec \u0111\u00f3. Thuy\u1ec1n tr\u01b0\u1edfng l\u1eadp t\u1ee9c ch\u1ea1y l\u00ean ph\u00eda m\u0169i t\u00e0u xem x\u00e9t. \u0110i\u1ec1u l\u00e0m cho anh ta ng\u1ea1c nhi\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9448","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-moi-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9448","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9448"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9448\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9448"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9448"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9448"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}