Ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed m\u1eadt, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o xung quanh ta. Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tia ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 m\u00e0 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng tia \u03b1, \u03b2, \u03b3 v\u00e0 tia X do c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 g\u00e2y ra. Trong s\u1ed1 108 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o n\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn th\u00ec c\u00f3 92 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, trong \u0111\u00f3 tr\u00ean 1\/3 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. B\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 t\u1ea1o ra c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e0 bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 urani, ra\u0111i, hi\u0111ro-3, cacbon-14 v\u00e0 kali-40, v.v.. Nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn c\u1ea5u th\u00e0nh c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t ho\u1eb7c bao g\u1ed3m trong nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t. Ch\u00fang ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng th\u1ec3 r\u1eafn, th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed. Cho n\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kh\u00ed ra\u0111on \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 ra t\u1eeb n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ea5t, khi \u0111\u1ed1t than, \u0111\u1ed1t kh\u00ed ga, v.v.. s\u1ebd ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch ra c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, khi\u1ebfn cho m\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng n\u0103m h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed kho\u1ea3ng 100 mrad1(1\/1.000 rad g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 mrad).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ec1u ch\u1ee9a nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng n\u0103m h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 kho\u1ea3ng 20 mrad t\u1eeb trong th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00e1i \u0110\u1ea5t v\u00e0 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u ki\u1ebfn tr\u00fac c\u0169ng ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1. M\u1ed7i ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u00e0ng n\u0103m h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 kho\u1ea3ng 50 mrad t\u1eeb trong c\u00e1c v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3. C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 trong ph\u00f2ng (ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu l\u00e0 kh\u00ed ra\u0111on) n\u00f3i chung cao h\u01a1n \u1edf b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i. Nh\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1edf c\u1eeda s\u1ed5 khi\u1ebfn cho kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed trong ngo\u00e0i l\u01b0u th\u00f4ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p t\u1ed1t \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p n\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00ed ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 trong ph\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra, khi h\u00fat thu\u1ed1c, ho\u1eb7c \u0111eo \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u1ed3 d\u1ea1 quang, khi chi\u1ebfu tia X con ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u0169ng b\u1ecb c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 l\u00e0m h\u1ea1i. Trong l\u00e1 thu\u1ed1c l\u00e1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng v\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 nh\u01b0 Poloni-210, Ra\u0111i, v.v.. M\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi n\u1ebfu h\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y h\u00fat 20 \u0111i\u1ebfu thu\u1ed1c th\u00ec m\u1ed9t n\u0103m ph\u1ed5i b\u1ecb ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 t\u1eeb 50 \u2013 100 mrad. M\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfu X quang d\u1ea1 d\u00e0y, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd h\u1ea5p thu m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 kho\u1ea3ng 200 \u2013 1.500 mrad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u1ec1 y t\u1ebf h\u1ecdc ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf: m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n to\u00e0n th\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp thu 25 mrad m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 quan s\u00e1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i v\u1ec1 m\u00e1u \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3; m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n to\u00e0n th\u00e2n ti\u1ebfp thu 100 mrad th\u00ec c\u00f3 2% s\u1ed1 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec th\u1ebf m\u00e0 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1; n\u1ebfu l\u01b0\u1ee3ng chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ebfn 600 mrad tr\u1edf l\u00ean m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd t\u1eed vong, nh\u01b0ng m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00e0ng n\u0103m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea5p x\u1ea1 b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n kho\u1ea3ng 200 mrad t\u1eeb c\u00e1c tia x\u1ea1 trong v\u0169 tr\u1ee5, th\u1ee9c \u0103n, kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed, nh\u00e0 \u1edf, v.v.. cho n\u00ean ch\u01b0a \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng g\u00ec \u0111\u1ebfn s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: T\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1; B\u1ee9c x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u b\u00ed m\u1eadt, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng s\u1ee3. N\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i kh\u1eafp n\u01a1i v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t c\u1ee9 l\u00fac n\u00e0o xung quanh ta. Lo\u00e0i ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111ang t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n trong th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea7y ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 n\u00e0y. Tia ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 m\u00e0 ta th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn l\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9486","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-moi-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9486","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9486"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9486\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9486"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9486"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9486"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}