{"id":9492,"date":"2021-11-21T16:47:50","date_gmt":"2021-11-21T09:47:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=9492"},"modified":"2021-11-21T18:37:52","modified_gmt":"2021-11-21T11:37:52","slug":"su-co-ro-ri-hat-nhan-co-anh-huong-den-moi-truong-nhu-the-nao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/su-co-ro-ri-hat-nhan-co-anh-huong-den-moi-truong-nhu-the-nao\/","title":{"rendered":"S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sau khi ph\u00e1t sinh s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 s\u1ebd khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp uy hi\u1ebfp an to\u00e0n t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u00e0y 8\/10\/1957 l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n d\u00e2y chuy\u1ec1n b\u1eb1ng cacbon c\u1ee7a Anh trong khi x\u1eed l\u00ed l\u00e0m ngu\u1ed9i than \u0111\u00e3 b\u1ecb b\u1ed1c ch\u00e1y. Khi \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f3i trong l\u00f2 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 b\u1ed1c ra, \u0111a s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb l\u1ecdc tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ec9nh \u1ed1ng kh\u00f3i gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f2n m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn tho\u00e1t ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, bao g\u1ed3m i\u1ed1t-131, xesi-137, stronti-89 v\u00e0 stronti-90 v.v..<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chu k\u00ec b\u00e1n ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a i\u1ed1t-131 l\u00e0 8 ng\u00e0y. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng qua chu\u1ed7i th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m \u201cc\u1ecf s\u00fac v\u1eadt \u0103n \u2013 s\u1eefa b\u00f2 \u2013 ng\u01b0\u1eddi\u201d \u0111i v\u00e0o tuy\u1ebfn gi\u00e1p tr\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, ch\u00fang r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi tr\u1ebb em \u1edf th\u1eddi k\u00ec ph\u00e1t d\u1ee5c. Khi \u0111\u00f3, Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anh b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i h\u1ea1 l\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ed5 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 s\u1eefa b\u00f2 v\u1eaft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong v\u00f2ng m\u1ea5y th\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u00f4ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chu k\u00ec b\u00e1n ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a xesi-137 l\u00e0 30 n\u0103m. \u0110\u1eb7c t\u00ednh sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 r\u1ea5t gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi kali. Sau khi n\u00f3 b\u1ecb c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 th\u00ec t\u00edch l\u0169y l\u1ea1i trong c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c ph\u1ea7n m\u1ec1m, ph\u1ea3i th\u00f4ng qua h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 \u0111\u00e0o th\u1ea3i m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ra kh\u1ecfi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u00f3 h\u1ea1i nh\u1ea5t cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i l\u00e2u ng\u00e0y trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 stronti-90. Chu k\u00ec b\u00e1n ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 l\u00e0 28 n\u0103m. \u0110\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 gi\u1ed1ng v\u1edbi canxi. M\u1ed9t khi \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 th\u00ec s\u1ebd t\u00edch l\u0169y l\u1ea1i trong x\u01b0\u01a1ng, b\u00e0i ti\u1ebft ra r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3. T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a stronti-89 t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 stronti-90, nh\u01b0ng tu\u1ed5i th\u1ecd c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ng\u1eafn h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u. Chu k\u00ec b\u00e1n ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 51 ng\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u1ebfu chi\u1ebfu x\u1ea1 m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u1ecf l\u00ean c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi, hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 ch\u1ebf di truy\u1ec1n cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m s\u00e1ng t\u1ecf. N\u00f3i chung, c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed3i ph\u1ee5c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i. Nh\u01b0ng khi b\u1ecb h\u1ea5p thu m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn th\u00ec s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 ti\u00eau m\u00e1u ph\u00e1t sinh thay \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng b\u1ea1ch c\u1ea7u gi\u1ea3m th\u1ea5p, v.v.. n\u1ebfu b\u1ecb chi\u1ebfu m\u00e3n t\u00ednh th\u00ec sau khi b\u1ecb t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c ch\u1ee9ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ec7nh m\u00e1u tr\u1eafng, kh\u1ed1i u \u00e1c t\u00ednh, thi\u1ebfu m\u00e1u t\u00e1i sinh, m\u1eaft \u0111\u1ee5c th\u1ee7y tinh th\u1ec3, sinh d\u1ee5c kh\u00f4ng ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, ho\u1eb7c khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c th\u1ebf h\u1ec7 sau b\u1ecb d\u1ecb d\u1ea1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ng\u00e0y 26-4-1986, nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Chernobyn c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t sinh s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. V\u00ec <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"Vietlearn\" rel=\"nofollow\">thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf<\/a> c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec3m, c\u1ed9ng th\u00eam m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i sai l\u1ea7m trong v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh, k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 khi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n b\u1ecb n\u1ed5, to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 trong l\u00f2 tho\u00e1t ra kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed. C\u00f3 kho\u1ea3ng 3% &#8211; 4% ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a l\u00f5i ph\u00f3ng th\u00edch ra b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, trong \u0111\u00f3 10% &#8211; 20% l\u00e0 i\u1ed1t-131 v\u00e0 xesi-137.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn ch\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec5m x\u1ea1 c\u1ea5p t\u00ednh nhanh ch\u00f3ng g\u00e2y n\u00ean b\u1ec7nh nhi\u1ec5m x\u1ea1 nh\u01b0: n\u00f4n m\u1eeda, xu\u1ea5t huy\u1ebft, c\u1ea3m nhi\u1ec5m, r\u1ee5ng t\u00f3c v\u00e0 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eed vong. L\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u00e0y l\u00e0m cho 31 nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean c\u1ea5p c\u1ee9u v\u00ec b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m x\u1ea1 n\u1eb7ng m\u00e0 ch\u1ebft. Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n ra c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng xung quanh l\u00e0m cho 13,5 v\u1ea1n d\u00e2n c\u01b0 b\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m x\u1ea1, t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t g\u1ea7n 10 t\u1ec9 rup. Hi\u1ec7n nay l\u00f2 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng s\u1ed1 4 x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t c\u00e1i ch\u1ee5p b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng l\u1edbn ch\u1ee5p l\u00ean l\u00e0m th\u00e0nh ng\u00f4i m\u1ed9. H\u00e0ng ng\u00e0y \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ed9i ng\u0169 h\u00e0ng ngh\u00ecn ng\u01b0\u1eddi ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u00f2n ph\u00e1t sinh nhi\u1ec1u s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u1edbn nh\u1ecf kh\u00e1c nhau. \u0110\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m an to\u00e0n sinh m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 s\u1ee9c kh\u1ecfe cho nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n th\u00ec c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan v\u1ec1 c\u00f4ng t\u00e1c ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p an to\u00e0n c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed h\u1eefu hi\u1ec7u nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba ph\u00e1t sinh s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: S\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n; C\u00e1c s\u1ea3n v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n r\u00e3; Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sau khi ph\u00e1t sinh s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 s\u1ebd khu\u1ebfch t\u00e1n v\u00e0o m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp uy hi\u1ebfp an to\u00e0n t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n. Trong l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t sinh m\u1ea5y l\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n nghi\u00eam tr\u1ecdng. Ng\u00e0y 8\/10\/1957 l\u00f2 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9492","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-moi-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9492","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9492"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9492\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9492"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9492"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9492"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}