X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 50 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i 40 n\u0103m. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t sinh hai l\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 l\u1edbn l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3o Sali, M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n Chernobyn c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u0169, g\u00e2y n\u00ean \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng xung quanh. V\u1eady nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 an to\u00e0n kh\u00f4ng?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mu\u1ed1n bi\u1ebft nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n an to\u00e0n hay kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i xem s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 s\u1ea3n sinh ra c\u00f3 \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn d\u00e2n c\u01b0 xung quanh, c\u00f3 d\u1ec5 ph\u00e1t sinh s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 hay kh\u00f4ng? Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, s\u1ef1 ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n r\u1ea5t th\u1ea5p. N\u00f3i chung trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, d\u00e2n c\u01b0 xung quanh nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n m\u1ed9t n\u0103m ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ecbu m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 n\u1ebfu so v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u1ea7n chi\u1ebfu X quang th\u00ec c\u00f2n nh\u1ecf h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, cho n\u00ean t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng 1 tri\u1ec7u kW trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh s\u1ebd t\u00edch l\u0169y l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1, ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n th\u1ea3i ra m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n r\u1ea5t \u00edt c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 g\u00e2y n\u00ean nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u1ea5t to l\u1edbn v\u1ec1 sinh m\u1ec7nh v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n. Nh\u01b0ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng theo m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng qui ph\u1ea1m an to\u00e0n r\u1ea5t nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ede Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u00e3 x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb7ng, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n r\u1ea5t an to\u00e0n v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e3 quen thu\u1ed9c. Ngo\u00e0i m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1t c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb x\u1eed l\u00ed \u1ee9ng c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ra, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta c\u00f2n \u0111\u1eb7t 4 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u1ee7 ch\u1eafn \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecdt ra ngo\u00e0i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n l\u00f5i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u b\u1eb1ng g\u1ed1m urani \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c oxi h\u00f3a r\u1ea5t ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn. N\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean 98% nh\u1eefng m\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 \u1edf trong l\u00f2ng n\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1eb1ng h\u1ee3p kim ziriconi, tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp bao b\u1ecdc xung quanh l\u00f5i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n. H\u1ee3p kim ziriconi c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kh\u00e1ng b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 r\u1ea5t t\u1ed1t v\u00e0 c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1c ch\u1ed1ng hoen g\u1ec9, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c l\u00e2u d\u00e0i m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 ho\u1ea1i. V\u00ec v\u1eady, \u1ed1ng h\u1ee3p kim ziriconi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00e2n r\u00e3 \u0111i v\u00e0o \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n kh\u00e9p k\u00edn. N\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng mang nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1eeb trong l\u00f5i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n ra \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m n\u00f3ng n\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ea3n sinh h\u01a1i n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m quay tuabin ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n. \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng \u1ed1ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u0111\u1ef1ng n\u1ed5i c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng (bao g\u1ed3m c\u1ea3 t\u1ea3i tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ea5t g\u00e2y ra) \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ecb ph\u00e1 v\u1ee1. Do \u0111\u00f3, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn th\u1ee9 ba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u01b0\u1eddng ch\u1eafn th\u1ee9 t\u01b0 ng\u0103n ng\u1eeba c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 lan ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng v\u1ecf an to\u00e0n. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh b\u1edfi c\u00e1c k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u c\u00e1ch li gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c ph\u00e2n x\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y, ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu s\u1ebd ph\u00e1t huy t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng khi x\u1ea3y ra s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1. V\u1ecf an to\u00e0n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng tr\u00ecnh v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ki\u00ean c\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng b\u1edfi b\u1ee9c t\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ea t\u00f4ng c\u1ed1t th\u00e9p d\u00e0y v\u00e0 b\u00ean trong \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00f3t b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1ea5m th\u00e9p. Khi trong nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n ch\u1ea5t l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh b\u1ecb r\u00f2 r\u1ec9, xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n t\u00edn hi\u1ec7u c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, \u00e1p su\u1ea5t cao v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1 th\u00ec v\u1ecf an to\u00e0n s\u1ebd t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i, bao b\u1ecdc t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng g\u00e2y \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m cho m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. V\u1ecf an to\u00e0n \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Chernobyn kh\u00f4ng h\u1ec1 c\u00f3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n nguy\u00ean t\u1eed ngo\u00e0i 4 v\u1ecf ch\u1eafn, c\u00f2n l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 an to\u00e0n, kh\u1ed1ng ch\u1ebf t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u1ea5t ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 qui tr\u00ecnh qu\u1ea3n l\u00ed nghi\u00eam ng\u1eb7t, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ea3m cho nh\u1eefng thao t\u00e1c sai c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi gi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t. Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng an to\u00e0n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb kho\u00e1: Nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n; N\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb7ng; Ch\u1ea5t ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
X\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng nh\u00e0 m\u00e1y \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u1ea1t nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb gi\u1eefa th\u1eadp k\u1ec9 50 c\u1ee7a th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX, \u0111\u1ebfn nay ch\u1ec9 m\u1edbi tr\u1ea3i qua th\u1eddi gian l\u1ecbch s\u1eed ng\u1eafn ng\u1ee7i 40 n\u0103m. Trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng ph\u00e1t sinh hai l\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 c\u1ed1 l\u1edbn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,17],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9494","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-moi-truong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9494","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9494"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9494\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9494"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9494"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9494"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}