Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00f3a 11 ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1 \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00ec ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 nh\u1edb, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u00f4n luy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. H\u00f4m nay Vietlearn s\u1ebd t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Xicloankan h\u00f3a 11 v\u1edbi b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y nh\u1eb1m h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n trong vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c Xicloankan. H\u1ecdc c\u00f9ng Vietlearn ngay th\u00f4i!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o chung<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Xicloankan l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng hi\u0111rocacbon no c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng (m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c nhi\u1ec1u v\u00f2ng) v\u00e0 ch\u00fang ta ch\u1ec9 x\u00e9t c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u00f2ng. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01a1n v\u00f2ng hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 monoxicloankan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Xicloankan c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t: CnH2n, n\u22653<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 xicloankan \u0111\u01a1n gi\u1ea3n c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3ng sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed T\u00ean thay th\u1ebf tnc, oC ts, oC<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C3H6 Xiclopropan -127 -33<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C4H8 Xiclobutan -90 13<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C5H10 Xiclopentan -94 49<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C6H12 Xiclohexan 7 81<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a Xicloankan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n anken<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9 l\u1edbn c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng (n\u22654)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u00e1nh tr\u00ean v\u00f2ng (n\u22655)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n v\u1ec1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o nh\u00e1nh (n\u22656)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc v\u1edbi v\u00f2ng 3 c\u1ea1nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Cacbon li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau b\u1eb1ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft t\u1ea1o ra m\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Cacbon c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Hidro ho\u1eb7c g\u1ed1c ankyl.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1ch g\u1ecdi t\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 monoxicloankan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d4n luy\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 Xicloankan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ean = s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u00e1nh + tr\u00ean nh\u00e1nh + xiclo + t\u00ean m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh + an<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 m\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng. \u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ecdc t\u00ean cho ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd t\u00e1nh s\u1ed1 sao cho t\u1ed5ng c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh l\u00e0 nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng, m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea1ng h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Xiclopropan v\u00e0 xiclobutan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00ed, Xiclopentan v\u00e0 xiclohexan \u1edf th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng. C\u00e1c xicloankan kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u, nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc, kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, tan trong c\u00e1c dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 v\u00e0 h\u00f2a tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ankan<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft xichma b\u1ec1n, t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ankan n\u00ean ch\u00fang c\u0169ng s\u1edf h\u1eefu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ankan. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Khi chi\u1ebfu s\u00e1ng ho\u1eb7c \u0111un n\u00f3ng, nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Hidro trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed xicloankan b\u1ecb th\u1ebf b\u1edfi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed halogen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C6H12 + Br2 \u2192 C6H11Br + HBr<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Xiclopropan, xiclobutan v\u00e0 xicloankan v\u00f2ng 3 ho\u1eb7c 4 c\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi hi\u0111ro gi\u1ed1ng anken, v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111un n\u00f3ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 niken l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y l\u00e0m g\u00e3y m\u1ed9t trong c\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft Cacbon (C \u2013 C) c\u1ee7a v\u00f2ng v\u00e0 hai nguy\u00ean t\u1eed hi\u0111ro c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0o hai \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1eeba b\u1ecb g\u00e3y, t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ankan t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ri\u00eang xiclopropan v\u00e0 c\u00e1c xicloankan v\u00f2ng 3 c\u1ea1nh c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi v\u1edbi brom (Br) ho\u1eb7c axit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c xicloankan v\u00f2ng l\u1edbn nh\u01b0 5 c\u1ea1nh, 6 c\u1ea1nh v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng m\u1edf v\u00f2ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C3H6 + H2 \u2192 C3H8<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C4H8 + H2 \u2192 C4H10<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C3H6 + Br2 \u2192 Br\u2212CH2\u2212CH2\u2212CH2\u2212Br<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C3H6 + HBr \u2192 CH3\u2212CH2\u2212CH2\u2212Br<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Xicloankan v\u00f2ng 3 c\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch Brom \u2192 ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng dung d\u1ecbch brom \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00f2ng 4 c\u1ea1nh ch\u1ec9 tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng m\u1edf v\u00f2ng v\u1edbi Hidro (H2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1ch<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C6H11CH3 \u2192xt,t\u2218 C6H5CH3 + 3H2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m : ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00e1y t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t, kh\u00f4ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t: CnH2n+(3n2)O2\u2192nCO2 + nH2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1eeb ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t ta c\u00f3: nCO2 = nH2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0: C6H12 + 9O2 \u2192 6CO2 + 6H2O<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Anken \u2013 N\u00e2ng cao \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00f3a 10 c\u00f9ng Vietlearn!<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 Ankan d\u00e0nh cho c\u00e1c h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> mu\u1ed1n gi\u1ecfi H\u00f3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Xicloankan c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p n\u00e0o?<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e1ch H2 t\u1eeb ankan t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng: CH3(CH2)4CH3 \u2192 H2 + C6H12<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e1ch Br2 t\u1eeb d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t 1,n \u2013 \u0111ibrom ankan (n > 2): CnH2nBr2 + Zn \u2192 CnH2n+ ZnBr2<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u nh\u01b0 ankan, xicloankan c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m dung m\u00f4i, l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e0i 1: Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang v\u1ec1 Xicloankan:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng m\u1edf v\u00f2ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ecdi h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng m\u1edf v\u00f2ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang: D<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00e0i 2: Khi s\u1ee5c kh\u00ed CnH2n, n\u22653 v\u00e0o bro, hi\u1ec7n t\u01b0\u1ee3ng n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y x\u1ea3y ra:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed5i<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch b\u1ecb \u0111\u1eadm l\u00ean<\/p>\n\n\n\n
M\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch nh\u1ea1t d\u1ea7n<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dung d\u1ecbch t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u \u0111\u1ecf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang: C<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch: v\u00ec kh\u00ed CnH2n, n\u22653 c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi brom, do \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 m\u00e0u c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch \u1ebd b\u1ecb nh\u1ea1t d\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1eddi k\u1ebft,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 xicloankan m\u00e0 Vietlearn ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n. Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft b\u1ed5 \u00edch s\u1ebd g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i th\u00f4ng tin \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 m\u1edbi m\u1ebb. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 mang l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng gi\u00e2y ph\u00fat h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/a> th\u00fa v\u1ecb v\u1edbi b\u1ed9 m\u00f4n h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eebng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i truy c\u1eadp website: Vietlearn.org\/ nh\u00e9! Ch\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ea1t k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/a> th\u1eadt t\u1ed1t!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Benzen v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a benzen \u2013 H\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u00f3a 11(M\u1edf trong c\u1eeda s\u1ed1 m\u1edbi)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g\u00ec? C\u00f3 m\u1ea5y lo\u1ea1i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u2013 Vietlearn(M\u1edf trong c\u1eeda s\u1ed1 m\u1edbi)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 g\u00ec<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn H\u00f3a 11 ch\u1eafc h\u1eb3n \u0111\u00e3 khi\u1ebfn b\u1ea1n c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y kh\u00e1 \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00ec ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c r\u1ea5t \u0111a d\u1ea1ng. \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 t\u1ed1t trong vi\u1ec7c hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 nh\u1edb, \u0111i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft l\u00e0 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean \u00f4n luy\u1ec7n v\u1ec1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. H\u00f4m nay Vietlearn s\u1ebd t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-957","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-pho-thong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/957","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=957"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/957\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=957"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=957"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=957"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}