Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc h\u00f4m nay s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 niken k\u1ebdm ch\u00ec thi\u1ebfc. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, \u00f4n t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n \u0111ang \u0111au \u0111\u1ea7u v\u00ec h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc th\u00ec \u0111\u1eebng qu\u00e1 lo l\u1eafng nh\u00e9! Vietlearn s\u1ebd lu\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0nh c\u00f9ng b\u1ea1n, h\u00e3y c\u00f9ng ch\u00fang t\u00f4i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc ngay th\u00f4i n\u00e0o!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 niken k\u1ebdm ch\u00ec thi\u1ebfc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Niken l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m VIIIB, chu k\u00ec 4, s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 28, n\u1eb1m t\u1ea1i \u00f4 th\u1ee9 28 trong b\u1ea3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed : [Ar]3d84s2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
S\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 niken k\u1ebdm ch\u00ec thi\u1ebfc \u2013 Niken<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Niken th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a l\u00e0 +2 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd: Niken l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c, r\u1ea5t c\u1ee9ng, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u1edbn, n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y \u1edf 1455 \u0111\u1ed9 C.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Niken c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed y\u1ebfu, c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u00e1ng ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u01b0: t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi phi kim \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch axit, dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ec1n v\u1edbi kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: h\u01a1n 80% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng Niken s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong ng\u00e0nh luy\u1ec7n kim, s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng Niken m\u1ea1 l\u00ean s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u1eb9p, gi\u00fap ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 v\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m ch\u1ea5t x\u00fac t\u00e1c r\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u1ebdm t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i trong t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u00f3 m\u00e0u lam nh\u1ea1t ho\u1eb7c m\u00e0u x\u00e1m<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u1ebdm l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m IIB, chu k\u00ec 4, s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 30, nnawfm t\u1ea1o \u00f4 30 trong b\u1ea3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed : [Ar]3d104s2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
K\u1ebdm th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a +2 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd: k\u1ebdm l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i m\u00e0u lam nh\u1ea1t, c\u00f3 m\u00e0u x\u00e1m trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1ea9m b\u1edfi b\u1ecb ph\u1ee7 m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp oxit m\u1ecfng, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u1edbn, gi\u00f2n \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00ean kh\u00f4ng k\u00e9o d\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, t\u1ea1i 100- 150oC l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9 d\u1ebbo dai, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean 200oC l\u1ea1i gi\u00f2n v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1n th\u00e0nh b\u1ed9t. K\u1ebdm khi \u1edf tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c, h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a k\u1ebdm kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed9c ngo\u1ea1i tr\u1eeb h\u01a1i ZnO th\u00ec r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: K\u1ebdm c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n s\u1eaft, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi: phi kim \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 axit, b\u1ec1n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed khi \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng: K\u1ebdm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea1 l\u00ean t\u00f4n \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng trong c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a pin kh\u00f4; ZnO \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t thu\u1ed1c gi\u1ea3m \u0111au d\u00e2y th\u1ea7n kinh, ch\u1eefa b\u1ec7nh eczema, b\u1ec7nh ng\u1ee9a,\u2026 hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Xem th\u00eam v\u1ec1 \u0110\u1ed3ng v\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
- S\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 niken k\u1ebdm ch\u00ec thi\u1ebfc \u2013 Ch\u00ec (Pb)<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00ec l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m IVA, chu k\u00ec 6, s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 82 v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m t\u1ea1i \u00f4 82 trong b\u1ea3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed : [Xe]4f145d106s26p2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00ec l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00ec th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a l\u00e0 +2 v\u00e0 +4. S\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a +2 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kim lo\u1ea1i ch\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng h\u01a1i xanh, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u1edbn, m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e1t th\u00e0nh l\u00e1 m\u1ecfng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00ec v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ch\u00ec \u0111\u1ec1u r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c, khi x\u00e2m nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y ra b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0m x\u00e1m men r\u0103ng, r\u1ed1i lo\u1ea1n th\u1ea7n kinh,\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ch\u00ec c\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi: phi kim \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong dung d\u1ecbch HNO3 v\u00e0 H2SO4 \u0111\u1eb7c n\u00f3ng do t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mu\u1ed1i tan. B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c axit HCl, H2SO4 lo\u00e3ng do t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh PbCl2 v\u00e0 PbSO4 k\u1ebft t\u1ee7a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ngo\u00e0i ra c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Pb(HSO4)2, dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i, b\u1ec1n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng, tan ch\u1eadm trong dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00ec: d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o b\u1ea3n c\u1ef1c acquy, v\u1ecf d\u00e2y c\u00e1p hay ch\u1ebf t\u1ea1o thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb ch\u1ed1ng tia ph\u00f3ng x\u1ea1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Xem th\u00eam v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a Crom<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
- S\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 niken k\u1ebdm ch\u00ec thi\u1ebfc \u2013 Thi\u1ebfc (Sn)<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n
Kim lo\u1ea1i thi\u1ebfc ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u1eadm v\u1edbi c\u00e1c dung d\u1ecbch axit<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thi\u1ebfc l\u00e0 kim lo\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m IVA, chu k\u00ec 5, s\u1ed1 hi\u1ec7u nguy\u00ean t\u1eed l\u00e0 50., n\u1eb1m t\u1ea1i \u00f4 50 trong b\u1ea3ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng tu\u1ea7n ho\u00e0n. C\u1ea5u h\u00ecnh electron nguy\u00ean t\u1eed : [Kr]4d105s25p2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Thi\u1ebfc c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 oxi h\u00f3a +2 v\u00e0 +4 trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd: c\u00f3 m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng b\u1ea1c, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang l\u1edbn, m\u1ec1m v\u00e0 d\u1ec5 d\u00e1t m\u1ecfng; t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf hai d\u1ea1ng th\u00f9 h\u00ecnh l\u00e0 thi\u1ebfc tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 thi\u1ebfc x\u00e1m, hai h\u00ecnh th\u00f9 n\u00e0y bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1eabn nhau ph\u1ee5 thu\u1ed9c v\u00e0o nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00f3 t\u00ednh kh\u1eed y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n Niken, c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi: phi kim \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 cao, t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eadm v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch axit<\/p>\n\n\n\n
HNO3 lo\u00e3ng : Sn \u2192 Sn2+<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H2SO4, HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c : Sn \u2192 Sn4+<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch mu\u1ed1i, b\u1ec1n v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 th\u01b0\u1eddng, b\u1ecb h\u00f2a tan trong dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m \u0111\u1eb7c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ec: m\u1ea1 l\u00ean s\u1eaft \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1ng g\u1ec9 ( s\u1eaft t\u00e2y), d\u00f9ng trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, l\u00e1 thi\u1ebfc m\u1ecfng trong c\u00e1c t\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec7n, h\u1ee3p kim thi\u1ebfc d\u00f9ng trong h\u00e0n x\u00ec, d\u00f9ng l\u00e0m men trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p g\u1ed1m s\u1ee9 v\u00e0 l\u00e0m th\u1ee7y tinh m\u1edd (SnO2)<\/p>\n\n\n\n
L\u1eddi k\u1ebft,<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p S\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 niken k\u1ebdm ch\u00ec thi\u1ebfc m\u00e0 ch\u00fang t\u00f4i mu\u1ed1n chia s\u1ebb \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n. Hy v\u1ecdng b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft b\u1ed5 \u00edch n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u00f4n luy\u1ec7n ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 niken, k\u1ebdm, ch\u00ec, thi\u1ebfc v\u00e0 kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf quan tr\u1ecdng m\u00e0 n\u00f3 mang l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 ch\u00fang ta. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c, \u0111\u1eebng ng\u1ea7n ng\u1ea1i truy c\u1eadp website: Vietlearn.org\/ nh\u00e9!<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ecm \u0111\u1ecdc th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a Kim lo\u1ea1i la\u0300 gi\u0300 \u2013 H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 9<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 12 \u2013 N\u1eafm v\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho k\u1ef3 thi \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a phi kim \u2013 Nh\u1eefng l\u01b0u \u00fd khi h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a Kim lo\u1ea1i \u2013 H\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t H\u00f3a 9 c\u00f9ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn N\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc h\u00f4m nay s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 s\u01a1 l\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1ec1 niken k\u1ebdm ch\u00ec thi\u1ebfc. C\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ecb tr\u00ed, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang, \u00f4n t\u1eadp l\u1ea1i m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c quan tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc. N\u1ebfu b\u1ea1n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-967","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/967","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=967"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/967\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=967"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=967"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=967"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}