Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eeda ru\u1ed9ng, tr\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 thu ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n l\u00faa m\u00ec. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n\u2026 tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eeda ru\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau, t\u1ea1i sao ng\u00f4 d\u1ec5 thu s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n l\u00faa m\u00ec, \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu c\u00f3 li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh sinh h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n th\u00e2n ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 l\u00faa m\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 sinh h\u1ecdc c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh sinh v\u1eadt h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n ch\u00fang th\u00e0nh hai lo\u1ea1i; m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u00faa m\u00ec, l\u00faa, \u0111\u1ea1i m\u1ea1ch\u2026 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C3; m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ng\u00f4, cao l\u01b0\u01a1ng\u2026 g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C4. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C3 l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt n\u00e0y khi quang h\u1ee3p, c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cacbon \u0111ioxit, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Arisacchare, c\u00f2n th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C4 khi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng quang h\u1ee3p c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh cacbon \u0111ioxit nh\u1edd m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i men h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean l\u00e0 Tetrasacchare. T\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ea5y th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C3 v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C4 khi c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111ioxit cacbon, hai s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 quang h\u1ee3p kh\u00e1c nhau. Ch\u00ednh v\u00ec v\u1eady, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ed9t v\u00e0i ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh l\u00ed c\u1ee7a l\u00faa m\u1ea1ch v\u00e0 ng\u00f4 kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
So s\u00e1nh ng\u00f4 v\u00e0 ti\u1ec3u m\u1ea1ch, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o h\u01a1n. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean, k\u1ebft c\u1ea5u phi\u1ebfn l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4 kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. K\u1ebft c\u1ea5u phi\u1ebfn l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4 c\u00f3 h\u00ecnh v\u00f2ng hoa, t\u1ebf b\u00e0o xanh trong l\u00e1 v\u00e2y xung quanh \u201ccon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng – b\u00f3 mao m\u1ea1ch; ch\u00fang x\u1ebfp th\u00e0nh h\u00ecnh r\u1ebb qu\u1ea1t; m\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u00f3 mao m\u1ea1ch l\u00e0 hai t\u1ea7ng v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00e2m, v\u00f2ng trong l\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e1ch m\u1ecfng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c, gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 \u201cv\u00e0nh \u0111ai\u201d bao xung quanh \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng x\u00e1 c\u1ee7a th\u00e0nh ph\u1ed1, v\u00f2ng ngo\u00e0i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ecbt l\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u t\u1ea7ng, c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c. V\u00f2ng ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 v\u00f2ng trong \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady s\u1ebd gi\u00fap cho s\u1ef1 quang h\u1ee3p s\u1ea3n sinh ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c \u1edf trong v\u00e0nh \u0111ai b\u00f3 mao m\u1ea1ch c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4 l\u1edbn h\u01a1n th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ecbt l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a phi\u1ebfn l\u00e1, sau t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng quang h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 nhanh ch\u00f3ng t\u00edch l\u0169y tinh b\u1ed9t. Th\u00eam v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa t\u1ebf b\u00e0o v\u00e0nh \u0111ai v\u00e0 t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ecbt l\u00e1 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u00eam nh\u1eefng \u201ccon \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng\u201d c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 k\u1ecbp th\u1eddi v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 do t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng quang h\u1ee3p t\u1ea1o ra. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C4 so v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C3 c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t quang h\u1ee3p h\u01a1n, v\u00ec v\u1eady ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 m\u00e0 ng\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch l\u0169y nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n l\u00faa m\u00ec.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ee9 ba, ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng sinh l\u00ed c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4 c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 \u0111\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e1o. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt c\u0169ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u0169ng ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p. Nh\u01b0ng t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ph\u00e2n th\u00e0nh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p s\u00e1ng v\u00e0 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p t\u1ed1i. H\u00f4 h\u1ea5p s\u00e1ng so v\u1edbi h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p t\u1ed1i m\u00e0 n\u00f3i, n\u00f3 ch\u1ec9 th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng h\u1ea5p th\u1ee5 oxi, ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 oxi h\u00f3a, gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng CO2 v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. S\u1ef1 kh\u00e1c nhau gi\u1eefa h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p t\u1ed1i v\u00e0 h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p s\u00e1ng l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u1ea7n \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng. Theo \u0111o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p s\u00e1ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4 th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a l\u00faa m\u00ec. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 trong c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 do oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4 \u00edt h\u01a1n c\u1ee7a l\u00faa m\u00ec, ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ng\u00f4 t\u00edch l\u0169y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u. Ng\u00f4 c\u00f2n c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u1eefa, CO2 do qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p th\u1ea3i ra s\u1ebd b\u1ecb t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ecbt l\u00e1 t\u00e1i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng, cho n\u00ean ng\u00f4 h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 l\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n ti\u1ec3u m\u1ea1ch.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, ng\u00f4 so v\u1edbi l\u00faa m\u00ec c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t quang h\u1ee3p cao h\u01a1n, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p s\u00e1ng th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n, d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn ng\u00f4 t\u00edch l\u0169y ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i cao h\u01a1n l\u00faa m\u00ec. Th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C4 nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4 c\u00f3 \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m l\u00e0 hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t quang h\u1ee3p cao, hi\u1ec7u su\u1ea5t h\u00f4 h\u1ea5p s\u00e1ng th\u1ea5p, \u0111\u00e3 g\u1ee3i m\u1edf cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc nhi\u1ec1u \u00fd t\u01b0\u1edfng. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ec1 ra, chuy\u1ec3n h\u00f3a b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c \u1edf lo\u1ea1i C3 th\u00e0nh lo\u1ea1i C4, c\u0169ng ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 th\u00f4ng qua c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 sinh h\u1ecdc khi\u1ebfn cho th\u1ec3 di\u1ec7p l\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt nh\u01b0 l\u00faa m\u00ec, l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc x\u1ea3y ra bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed5i, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt C3 nh\u01b0 l\u00faa m\u00ec, l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 ng\u00f4.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, con ng\u01b0\u1eddi ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eeda ru\u1ed9ng, tr\u1ed3ng ng\u00f4 th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u1ec5 thu ho\u1ea1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n l\u00faa m\u00ec. T\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111ai, ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n\u2026 tr\u00ean c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t th\u1eeda ru\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n l\u00e0 nh\u01b0 nhau, t\u1ea1i sao ng\u00f4 d\u1ec5 thu s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao h\u01a1n […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9760","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-tu-nhien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9760","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9760"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9760\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9760"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9760"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9760"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}