Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 11 ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1eefu c\u01a1, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m hi\u0111rocacbon kh\u00f4ng no. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a hi\u0111rocacbon kh\u00f4ng no ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m ankin. V\u1eady Ankin l\u00e0 g\u00ec? G\u00f3i g\u1ecdn trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng th\u00ec l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ankin bao g\u1ed3m nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 g\u00ec? Vietlearn s\u1ebd ch\u1ec9 cho b\u1ea1n ngay sau \u0111\u00e2y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ankin l\u00e0 g\u00ec? \u0110\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a ankin?<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 11, ankin \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t hi\u0111rocacbon kh\u00f4ng no m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf v\u00ec c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft 3 \u1edf trong c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. Ankin kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nh\u00f3m ch\u1ea5t bao g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c hi\u0111rocacbon m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf, kh\u00f4ng no v\u00e0 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t li\u00ean k\u1ebft 3 trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed ( C\u2261C ). C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng ankin l\u00e0 CnH2n-2 v\u1edbi n \u22652.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ankin<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ankin trong H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc r\u1ea5t r\u1ed9ng, b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc n\u1ebfu th\u1ea5y h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o th\u00eam t\u1ea1i Ankin. C\u00f2n v\u1edbi ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ed5 th\u00f4ng th\u00ec h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n, danh ph\u00e1p, t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ankin, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ankin l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0o, \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf v\u00e0 \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ankin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ankin c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng g\u00ec?<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 chung c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed nh\u01b0ng kh\u00e1c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o. Trong d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 C2H2 v\u00e0 C3H4 l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n ankin \u0111i k\u00e8m v\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o duy nh\u1ea5t. C\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ea5t C4H6 tr\u1edf \u0111i \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed li\u00ean k\u1ebft 3. V\u00e0 l\u00ean t\u1edbi C5H8 tr\u1edf \u0111i th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u00eam \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n m\u1ea1ch cacbon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Danh ph\u00e1p<\/p>\n\n\n\n Danh ph\u00e1p hay ngh\u0129a thu\u1ea7n Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi. V\u1edbi b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 m\u1ed9t hidrocacbon n\u00e0o, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd c\u00f3 2 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ecdi t\u00ean. M\u1ed9t l\u00e0 t\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 hai l\u00e0 t\u00ean thay th\u1ebf. V\u1edbi m\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t t\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111\u1eb7t theo c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng: \u201ct\u00ean c\u1ee7a g\u1ed1c ankyl c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed Cacbon c\u1ee7a li\u00ean k\u1ebft 3\u201d+\u201caxetilen\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00ean thay th\u1ebf: \u201cs\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed nh\u00e1nh\u201d+\u201dt\u00ean nh\u00e1nh\u201d+\u201dt\u00ean m\u1ea1ch ch\u00ednh\u201d+\u201ds\u1ed1 ch\u1ec9 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed li\u00ean k\u1ebft 3\u201d+\u201din\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n V\u00ed d\u1ee5: C2H2 c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 CH\u2261CH, t\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y l\u00e0 axetilen. V\u00e0 t\u00ean thay th\u1ebf l\u00e0 etin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 ch\u1ea5t trong d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng ankin<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd c\u1ee7a ankin<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m ankin c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ri\u00eang, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i v\u00e0 nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 n\u00f3ng ch\u1ea3y t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n theo ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i.Ankin t\u1eeb C2-C4 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t kh\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u1eeb C5-C16 l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng. C\u00f2n l\u1ea1i t\u1eeb C17 tr\u1edf l\u00ean l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn. C\u00e1c ankin \u0111\u1ec1u nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, ch\u1ec9 tan \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong 1 s\u1ed1 dung m\u00f4i h\u1eefu c\u01a1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft Anken \u2013 N\u00e2ng cao \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00f3a 10 c\u00f9ng Vietlearn!<\/p>\n\n\n\n Benzen v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a benzen \u2013 H\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u00f3a 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a ankin<\/p>\n\n\n\n Do ankin c\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft 3 b\u1ec1n h\u01a1n li\u00ean k\u1ebft \u0111\u00f4i \u1edf anken n\u00ean b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a hidrocacbon kh\u00f4ng no l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng th\u00ec c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng ankin c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o c\u00e1c ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf v\u1edbi ion kim lo\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a ankin<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng c\u1ee7a ankin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ed9ng Hi\u0111ro: C2H2 + 2H2 C2H4<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ed9ng Brom, Clo: C2H2 + 2Br2 \u4e00> C2H2Br4<\/p>\n\n\n\n C\u1ed9ng HX (Halogen ho\u1eb7c H2O): C2H2 + 2HBr \u4e00> C2H4Br2<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng \u0111ime h\u00f3a v\u00e0 trime h\u00f3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110ime h\u00f3a: 2CH\u2261CH CH2=CH\u2013C\u2261CH (Vinyl axetilen)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trime h\u00f3a: 3CH\u2261CH C6H6<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf v\u1edbi ion kim lo\u1ea1i<\/p>\n\n\n\n CH\u2261CH + 2AgNO3 + 2NH3 \u4e00> CAg\u2261CAg\u2193 + NH4NO3<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ri\u00eang ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf c\u00f9ng ion kim lo\u1ea1i th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c ank-1-in m\u1edbi c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c. V\u1eady n\u00ean ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u0169ng ch\u1ec9 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c ank-1-in v\u1edbi c\u00e1c ankin v\u00e0 c\u00e1c hi\u0111rocacbon kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ank-1-inPh\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf c\u1ee7a ankin<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a ankin c\u0169ng chia ra l\u00e0m 2 lo\u1ea1i t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 anken, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 oxi h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. Oxi h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00e1y v\u1edbi oxi, t\u1ea1o ra CO2 v\u00e0 H2O, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi t\u1ecfa r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t. C\u00f2n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n l\u00e0 c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng ankin<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n cho ankin \u2013 Axetilen (C2H2) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m \u0111\u00e8n x\u00ec trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u00e0n, c\u1eaft kim lo\u1ea1i. Ngo\u00e0i ra, axetilen n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ankin kh\u00e1c n\u00f3i chung \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ra c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ankin<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ra ankin sao cho ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong ph\u00f2ng th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e2y, axetilen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch cho CaC2 (Canxi cacbua \u2013 c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ea5t \u0111\u00e8n) t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi H2O (n\u01b0\u1edbc) hay c\u00f2n g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n CaC2 . D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n CaC2 + H2O \u4e00> C2H2 + Ca(OH)2<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf Axetilen t\u1eeb CaC2 trong th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m<\/p>\n\n\n\n Trong c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u1ede m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p th\u00ec axetilen \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf th\u00f4ng qua nhi\u1ec7t ph\u00e2n metan ( CH4 ) \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 1500 \u0111\u1ed9 C v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n l\u00e0m l\u1ea1nh nhanh. D\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng minh h\u1ecda:<\/p>\n\n\n\n 2CH4 C2H2 + 3H2<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, Vietlearn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft l\u1ea1i ph\u1ea7n n\u1ed9i dung c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ankin \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ea1i d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng h\u01a1n. N\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 b\u1ea1n \u0111ang g\u1eb7p b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp<\/a> v\u1ec1 m\u00f4n n\u00e0o, h\u00e3y gh\u00e9 Vietlearn.vn \u0111\u1ec3 tra c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c h\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 nha.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Xem th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u00e0 g<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 11 ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1eefu c\u01a1, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c cung c\u1ea5p c\u00e1c ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 nh\u00f3m hi\u0111rocacbon kh\u00f4ng no. V\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n ti\u00eau bi\u1ec3u c\u1ee7a hi\u0111rocacbon kh\u00f4ng no ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m ankin. V\u1eady Ankin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-979","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-pho-thong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/979","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=979"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/979\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=979"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=979"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=979"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}