Tr\u1eeb C6H6 ( benzen ) l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t duy nh\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n th\u00ec t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i trong d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng benzen \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, t\u1eeb c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C8H10 tr\u1edf \u0111i \u0111\u1ec1u t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i 2 d\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n m\u1ea1ch cacbon v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n v\u1ec1 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00f3m ankyl xung quanh v\u00f2ng benzen.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0110\u00f3ng vai tr\u00f2 l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1, benzen v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t trong d\u00e3y \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng benzen c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 2 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lu\u00e2n phi\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 t\u00ean thay th\u1ebf. G\u1ecdi t\u00ean ch\u1ea5t theo 2 c\u00e1ch n\u00e0y nh\u01b0 sau:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Danh ph\u00e1p 1 s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a benzen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng: C6H6 ( benzen ), C7H8 ( 1 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n l\u00e0 Toluen ), C8H10 ( t\u00f9y thu\u1ed9c c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o m\u00e0 c\u00f3 o-xilen, m-xilen ho\u1eb7c p-xilen ).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ean thay th\u1ebf: \u201ct\u00ean c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m ankyl\u201d+\u201dbenzen\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5: v\u1edbi c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C7H8, khi b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 g\u1ed1c CH3 g\u1eafn \u1edf v\u1ecb tr\u00ed s\u1ed1 2 tr\u00ean v\u00f2ng benzen th\u00ec t\u00ean th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 Toluen c\u00f2n t\u00ean thay th\u1ebf s\u1ebd l\u00e0 metylbenzen v\u00ec g\u1ed1c ankyl CH3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi t\u00ean l\u00e0 \u201cmetyl\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a benzen v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a benzen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Hi\u1ec7n nay, \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a benzen v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng benzen n\u00f3i ri\u00eang c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c hi\u0111rocacbon th\u01a1m n\u00f3i chung, ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u00f2ng benzen. C\u00f3 2 c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n v\u00f2ng benzen, \u0111\u00f3l\u00e0 ho\u1eb7c .<\/p>\n\n\n\n
<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
L\u00fd thuy\u1ebft ankin c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc 11<\/p>\n\n\n\n
D\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t halogen c\u1ee7a hidrocacbon \u2013 H\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t h\u00f3a 11 c\u00f9ng Vietlearn<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt l\u00fd<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Benzen n\u00f3i ri\u00eang v\u00e0 hi\u0111rocacbon th\u01a1m n\u00f3i chung \u1edf \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1u l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t l\u1ecfng ho\u1eb7c ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn, nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y t\u0103ng theo d\u1ea7n theo ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i. C\u00e1c hi\u0111rocacbon th\u01a1m t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i \u1edf th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng m\u00f9i \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng, nh\u1eb9 h\u01a1n n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m dung m\u00f4i h\u00f2a tan nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 kh\u00e1c. Benzen ( C6H6 ) ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 v\u00ed d\u1ee5 \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Benzen \u1edf th\u1ec3 l\u1ecfng trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc<\/p>\n\n\n\n
3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a benzen l\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf, ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a. V\u00e0 \u0111\u00e2y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng benzen ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c hi\u0111rocacbon th\u01a1m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf, benzen ch\u1ec9 tham gia th\u1ebf nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H \u1edf m\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng. C\u00f2n c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a benzen tham gia th\u00eam ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H \u1edf m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ebf nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H \u1edf m\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Halogen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf Brom \u1edf m\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng c\u1ee7a Toluen<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Toluen ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi HNO3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u1ea1o thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5 TNT<\/p>\n\n\n\n
So v\u1edbi benzen, ankyl benzen l\u1ea1i c\u00e0ng d\u1ec5 d\u00e0ng tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf H \u1edf m\u1ea1ch v\u00f2ng h\u01a1n. V\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1ebf s\u1ebd \u01b0u ti\u00ean h\u01a1n t\u1ea1i 2 v\u1ecb tr\u00ed ortho v\u00e0 para.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Th\u1ebf nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H \u1edf m\u1ea1ch nh\u00e1nh<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng benzen x\u1ea3y ra t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 ankan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Benzen tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi Hi\u0111ro v\u00e0 Clo trong c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ed9ng Hi\u0111ro: + 3H2 ( Xiclohexan )<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u1ed9ng Clo: + 3Cl2 Hexacloran<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a c\u1ee7a benzen v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u0169ng bao g\u1ed3m oxi h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n. V\u1edbi oxi h\u00f3a ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ( ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng ch\u00e1y v\u1edbi oxi t\u1ecfa nhi\u1ec1u nhi\u1ec7t ), t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 \u0111\u1ec1u tham gia. Nh\u01b0ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n ( l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4 ) th\u00ec benzen kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng n\u00e0y, t\u1eeb Toluen m\u1edbi c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Dung d\u1ecbch Toluen l\u00e0m m\u1ea5t m\u00e0u dung d\u1ecbch KMnO4<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n<\/a> nh\u1ea5t v\u1ec1 benzen v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a benzen trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh H\u00f3a h\u1ecdc l\u1edbp 11 m\u00e0 Vietlearn \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng k\u1ebft v\u00e0 mu\u1ed1n g\u1eedi t\u1edbi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ec3 tham kh\u1ea3o. Ngo\u00e0i ra, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm n\u1ed9i dung b\u00e0i h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u m\u00f4n h\u1ecdc kh\u00e1c t\u1ea1i Vietlearn.vn nh\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\nXem th\u00eam c\u00e1c b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft c\u00f3 n\u1ed9i dung c\u00f9ng ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1<\/p><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n
Benzen l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t g\u00ec? T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch \u0111i<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ghi ch\u00fa: T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u tr\u00edch d\u1eabn Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e2m ph\u1ea7n h\u00f3a h\u1eefu c\u01a1 11 n\u1eb1m \u1edf c\u00e1c hi\u0111rocacbon kh\u00f4ng no v\u00e0 hi\u0111rocacbon th\u01a1m. Ph\u1ea7n hi\u0111rocacbon kh\u00f4ng no \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vietlearn t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p \u1edf nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i tr\u01b0\u1edbc. Ti\u1ebfp sau \u0111\u00e2y, ch\u00fang ta s\u1ebd \u0111i c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 hi\u0111rocacbon th\u01a1m. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 s\u1ebd l\u00e0 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[8,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-981","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoa-hoc","category-pho-thong"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/981","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=981"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/981\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=981"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=981"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=981"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}