{"id":9820,"date":"2021-11-21T18:30:51","date_gmt":"2021-11-21T11:30:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/post\/?p=9820"},"modified":"2021-11-21T18:36:12","modified_gmt":"2021-11-21T11:36:12","slug":"tai-sao-lai-dem-giong-cay-trong-len-vu-tru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/tai-sao-lai-dem-giong-cay-trong-len-vu-tru\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u1ea1i sao l\u1ea1i \u0111em gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng l\u00ean V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">T\u1eeb sau khi chi\u1ebfc v\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi du h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi &#8211; khoa <a href=\"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\" data-internallinksmanager029f6b8e52c=\"2\" title=\"Vietlearn\" rel=\"nofollow\">h\u1ecdc sinh<\/a> s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec7 tinh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e1t d\u1ee5c, v\u00e0 di truy\u1ec1n, bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ecm quy lu\u1eadt sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng ph\u00e1t d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n kh\u00f4ng gian, \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 cung c\u1ea5p th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m v\u00e0 an to\u00e0n cho phi h\u00e0nh gia sinh t\u1ed3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u0103m 1980, nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc M\u0129 \u0111\u00e3 th\u00ed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u1ed3ng c\u00e2y c\u00e0 chua trong V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5, sau khi tr\u1ed3ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng 30% &#8211; 60%, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1ecf nh\u1eefng \u01b0u th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c khi\u1ebfn cho c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ee9ng th\u00fa v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng trong V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ebfn nay v\u1eabn l\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7u. T\u1eeb n\u0103m 1987 \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 1996, Trung Qu\u1ed1c c\u00f3 t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 8 v\u1ec7 tinh ch\u1edf h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt \u0111\u00e1p l\u00ean v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 tr\u1edf v\u1ec1, \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 51 lo\u1ea1i th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, h\u01a1n 3000 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb, v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 ch\u1ecdn ra h\u00e0ng tr\u0103m s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u1edbi ch\u00edn s\u1edbm, \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9a, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t, kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh. T\u1ec9nh Chi\u1ebft Giang ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh tr\u1ed3ng th\u1eed h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng l\u00faa n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e1p thuy\u1ec1n &#8220;N\u00f4ng kh\u1ea9n 58&#8221;, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00f4ng d\u00e0i, h\u1ea1t l\u1edbn, n\u0103ng su\u1ea5t 9 t\u1ea5n\/ha, c\u00f3 khi cao t\u1edbi 9,7 t\u1ea5n\/ha, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t protein t\u0103ng 8% &#8211; 20%, th\u1eddi k\u00ec sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng b\u00ecnh qu\u00e2n r\u00fat ng\u1eafn 10 ng\u00e0y. L\u00faa m\u00ec sau khi v\u00e0o kh\u00f4ng trung qua x\u1eed l\u00ed \u0111\u00e3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh kh\u00e1ng b\u1ec7nh m\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ecf, h\u01a1n n\u1eefa, h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u1ea5t protein cao h\u01a1n 9% so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng 8%. \u0110\u1eadu \u0111\u1ecf tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u0103m h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ea1t 24,9 g, t\u0103ng 69,2% so v\u1edbi tr\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">V\u1eady h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng trong V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 t\u1ea1i sao ph\u00e1t sinh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc cho r\u1eb1ng, trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng ph\u00e1t sinh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb ch\u1eadm d\u1ea7n, tuy nhi\u00ean m\u1ed9t khi \u1edf trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng gian phi tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c ho\u1eb7c tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c r\u1ea5t nh\u1ecf, t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 v\u1eady. Trong V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5, ch\u00fang ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ecbu t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i b\u1ee9c x\u1ea1 v\u1eadt l\u00ed, cho n\u00ean t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecbu \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng m\u1ea1nh. H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng sau khi b\u1ecb h\u1ea1t n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao (HZE) trong c\u00e1c tia t\u1eed ngo\u1ea1i V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 b\u1eafn v\u00e0o, s\u1ebd xu\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n c\u00e0ng nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3 \u0111a tr\u1ecdng. V\u00ec tr\u1ecdng l\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn (mutagenesis) nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, n\u00f3 khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00ednh m\u1eabn c\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n t\u1ed1 c\u1ea3m bi\u1ebfn kh\u00e1c t\u0103ng l\u00ean, v\u00e0 \u1ee9c ch\u1ebf s\u1ef1 ph\u1ee5c h\u1ed3i nh\u1eefng t\u1ed5n th\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ADN, cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng t\u0103ng s\u1ef1 t\u1ed5n h\u1ea1i nhi\u1ec5m s\u1eafc th\u1ec3. \u0110\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 xung l\u1ef1c ph\u00e1t ra khi ph\u00f3ng v\u00e0 h\u1ea1 t\u00e0u V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 c\u0169ng s\u1ebd khi\u1ebfn cho t\u00ednh di truy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt ph\u00e1t sinh bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n ch\u1ee9ng minh, nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1edbi th\u00f4ng qua du h\u00e0nh V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 m\u00e0 tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1eeba c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, r\u00fat ng\u1eafn th\u1eddi k\u00ec sinh d\u1ee5c c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u1eefng bi\u1ebfn d\u1ecb m\u00e0 c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ed3ng theo quy lu\u1eadt b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f3 m\u00e0 t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ngo\u00e0i ra, m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng trong V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 l\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian g\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng ng\u1eafn ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n m\u1ea5t kho\u1ea3ng m\u1ed9t n\u0103m l\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra gi\u1ed1ng m\u1edbi. M\u00e0 n\u1ebfu s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p g\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u00ec th\u1eddi gian k\u00e9o d\u00e0i h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u, ph\u1ea3i sau n\u0103m, s\u00e1u \u0111\u1eddi, th\u1eadm ch\u00ed c\u00f2n ph\u1ea3i m\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn l\u1ef1a gi\u1ed1ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c m\u1edbi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng t\u1ed1t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y t\u1ef1 th\u1ee5 ph\u1ea5n (l\u00faa, l\u00faa m\u00ec\u2026) mu\u1ed1n g\u00e2y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m gi\u1ed1ng ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ed1t, \u00edt th\u00ec m\u1ea5t t\u00e1m, ch\u00edn n\u0103m, nhi\u1ec1u th\u00ec m\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1ea5y n\u0103m. C\u00f2n nh\u1eefng c\u00e2y hoa, c\u00e2y \u0103n qu\u1ea3 chu k\u00ec sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang d\u00e0i, s\u1ed1 n\u0103m c\u1ea7n cho vi\u1ec7c ch\u1ecdn l\u1ecdc gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1p giao c\u00f2n nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n nhi\u1ec1u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 t\u00ednh: n\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t v\u1ec7 tinh mang l\u00ean V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 300 &#8211; 400 kg h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng, r\u1ed3i qua ch\u1ecdn gi\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 g\u00e2y gi\u1ed1ng tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t \u0111\u1ea5t, m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi 6,7 tri\u1ec7u ha \u0111\u1ea5t tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt, theo con s\u1ed1 c\u00f2n l\u01b0u gi\u1eef l\u1ea1i th\u00ec t\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kho\u1ea3ng 15%, s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ed7i ha t\u0103ng 600 kg, t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u0103ng 4 t\u1ec9 kg, thu l\u1ee3i h\u01a1n 9 t\u1ec9 NDT, \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 cho 20 tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0103n trong m\u1ed9t n\u0103m. \u0110\u00e2y th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh c\u00f3 l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf cao v\u00e0 l\u1ee3i \u00edch x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i cao.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>T\u1eeb sau khi chi\u1ebfc v\u1ec7 tinh nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi du h\u00e0nh v\u00e0o V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5 c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi s\u1ef1 ra \u0111\u1eddi m\u1ed9t m\u00f4n khoa h\u1ecdc m\u1edbi &#8211; khoa h\u1ecdc sinh s\u1ed1ng gi\u1eefa V\u0169 Tr\u1ee5. Ban \u0111\u1ea7u, c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u1ec9 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng v\u1ec7 tinh ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1ef1 sinh tr\u01b0\u1edfng, ph\u00e1t [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9820","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-tu-nhien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9820","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9820"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9820\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9820"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9820"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9820"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}