H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9a \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 do no\u00e3n c\u00e2y ph\u00e1t d\u1ee5c th\u00e0nh nh\u01b0 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u1eadu, c\u00e2y b\u00f4ng, rau c\u1ea3i d\u1ea7u\u2026 hai l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean li\u1ec7u gieo gi\u1ed1ng nh\u01b0 l\u00faa, m\u1ea1ch, ng\u00f4\u2026 tr\u00ean th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf l\u00e0 qu\u1ea3 h\u1ea1t; ba l\u00e0 c\u01a1 quan dinh d\u01b0\u1ee1ng c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng lo\u1ea1i th\u00e2n r\u1ec5, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 r\u1ec5 th\u00e2n nh\u01b0 khoai lang, v\u00e0 th\u00e2n c\u1ee7 nh\u01b0 khoai t\u00e2y, \u0111\u1ed1t m\u00eda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p tr\u1ed3ng tr\u1ecdt c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, t\u1eeb c\u00e1c c\u01a1 quan nh\u01b0 th\u00e2n, ho\u1eb7c l\u00e1 c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt t\u1ea1o ra th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng m\u1ea7m ho\u1eb7c ph\u00f4i, r\u1ed3i b\u1ecdc b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i ch\u00fang m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp keo khi\u1ebfn cho n\u00f3 c\u00f3 ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng nh\u01b0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng b\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ed d\u1ee5 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o c\u00e2y c\u1ea7n: Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean c\u1eaft th\u00e2n non c\u1ee7a m\u1ea7m c\u00e2y c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1p ch\u1ee7ng th\u00e0nh mi\u1ebfng nh\u1ecf, d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00f4 khu\u1ea9n, gieo tr\u1ed3ng ch\u00fang trong ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea5y vi sinh v\u1eadt, h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c callus m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng nh\u1ea1t. Ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u00f3, mang t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c callus n\u00e0y t\u1edbi nu\u00f4i tr\u1ed3ng \u1edf tr\u00ean ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea5y vi sinh v\u1eadt kh\u00e1c, c\u00e1c t\u1ebf b\u00e0o b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u ph\u00e2n ho\u00e1, d\u1ea7n d\u1ea7n h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f4i h\u00ecnh nguy\u00ean b\u00e0o m\u00e0u xanh, c\u0169ng g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 “ph\u00f4i t\u1ebf b\u00e0o th\u1ec3”. Sau \u0111\u00f3, b\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t m\u00e0ng keo ngo\u00e0i th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f4i, nh\u01b0 v\u1eady th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t vi\u00ean h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng keo. \u0110\u1ec3 t\u0103ng s\u1ee9c s\u1ed1ng cho h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o, c\u1ea3i thi\u1ec7n m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng sinh s\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 th\u00ec th\u00eam v\u00e0o trong gien nh\u1eefng vi sinh v\u1eadt h\u1eefu d\u1ee5ng, thu\u1ed1c tr\u1eeb c\u1ecf, thu\u1ed1c n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p kh\u00e1c, gi\u00fap n\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m m\u00e0 h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3. Do ch\u1ea5t gien n\u00e0y g\u1eb7p n\u00f3ng d\u1ec5 tan ra d\u00ednh l\u1ea1i v\u1edbi nhau, cho n\u00ean b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f2n n\u00ean b\u1ecdc m\u1ed9t l\u1edbp “v\u1ecf h\u1ea1t”. Sau khi h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c gieo v\u00e0o trong \u0111\u1ea5t, “chi\u1ebfc \u00e1o kho\u00e1c” li\u1ec1n nh\u1edd t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1 gi\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a sinh v\u1eadt m\u00e0 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9ng r\u01a1i ra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong c\u00f4ng ti s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng, m\u1ed9t c\u00e2y c\u1ea7n t\u1ea1p gi\u1ed1ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ea5y tri\u1ec7u th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f4i. M\u1ed7i m\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f4i t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ea1p giao. S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng nh\u00e2n t\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u0129 thu\u1eadt sinh v\u1eadt cao m\u1edbi, n\u00f3 c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m, nh\u01b0 th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f4i sinh s\u00f4i nhanh, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng nhi\u1ec1u h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c nh\u00e2n gi\u1ed1ng trong \u1ed1ng nghi\u1ec7m, gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 th\u00e0nh v\u00e0 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m s\u1ee9c l\u1ef1c, b\u1edfi v\u00ec th\u1ec3 d\u1ea1ng ph\u00f4i l\u00e0 sinh s\u1ea3n v\u00f4 t\u00ednh, cho n\u00ean \u0111\u1eddi sau c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u th\u1ebf t\u1ea1p ch\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
H\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u0103n c\u1ee9 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p. N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng t\u1ed1t c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u00edch h\u1ee3p, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i vi\u1ec7c c\u00e2y tr\u1ed3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f9a \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng. Trong s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f3 3 lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea1t gi\u1ed1ng: m\u1ed9t l\u00e0 do no\u00e3n c\u00e2y […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_disable_autopaging":false},"categories":[15,19],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-9822","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-hoi-dap-khoa-hoc","category-tu-nhien"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9822","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9822"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9822\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9822"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9822"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.vietlearn.org\/kien-thuc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9822"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}